![]() ![]() Furthermore, the transmissibility of the virus was not particularly good. ![]() The SARS outbreak could be controlled using case isolation, as cases were severe enough to be easily detected. Secondly, there was already a wealth of information on the biology of the virus due to two previous coronavirus outbreaks, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2002–3 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak, which began in 2012. Firstly, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome sequence was available rapidly following the emergence of the virus. Importantly, vaccine developers had a solid footing to allow a rapid response to the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of developing an effective vaccine. Early on, the increased risk of severe disease/death in older individuals and those with underlying health conditions was established. Mortality predictions at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic were extremely concerning, with a prediction of up to 510,000 deaths in the UK alone in the absence of any restrictions. Professor Sir Andrew Pollard shared the currently available Phase I–III data for the Oxford coronavirus vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) and provided a comprehensive description of the coronavirus vaccine types currently in development. ![]() Development of a Covid-19 vaccine: a head start ![]()
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